Pornography on the Internet Essay - 1710 Words

Pornography on the Internet The Internet is a method of communication and a source of information that is becoming popular among those who are interested in the information superhighway. The problem with this world we know as Cyberspace, the ‘Net, or the Web is that some of this information, including pornographical material and hate literature, is being accessible to minors. Did you know that 83.5% of the images available on the Internet are pornographical? Did you know that the Internet’s pornography and hate literature are available to curious children that happen to bump into them? One of the drawing features of the young Internet was its freedom. It’s ...a rare example of a true, modern, functional anarchy...there are no†¦show more content†¦It was then signed into law by President Clinton one week later on Thursday, February 8, 1996 known as the Day of Protest when the Internet simultaneously went black from hundreds of thousands of Internet citizens turning their web pages black in protest of the Communications Decency Act. The Communications Decency Act which is supposed to protect minors from accessing controversial or sexually explicit material, outlaws obscene..., which already is a crime, and therefore the CDA is not needed, but also ...lewd, lascivious, filthy, or indecent, and even annoying ... comment[s], request[s], suggestion[s], proposal[s], image[s], or other communication using a ...telecommunications device all of which are protected by the First Amendment and therefore cannot be banned. The Act is also unconstitutional because it does not follow the Supreme Court’s decision in Sable Communications Vs. FCC. requiring that restrictions on speech use the least restrictive means possible. The Court also stated that restrictions on indecency cannot have the effect of reduc[ing] the adult population to only what is fit for children. We start with the federal Communications Decency Act of 1996, apiece of legislation signedShow MoreRelatedPornography on the Internet Essay2235 Words   |  9 Pagesalways like this? Not really, as we have seen, the Internet and the pornography industry have come together to make quite an explosion that has brought many issues to the surface. Its a scary fact to realize that 83.5% images available on the Internet are pornographical. And it is even more of a problem when the Internets pornography is available to curious children that happen to bump onto them. One of the more drawing freatures of the young Internet was its freedom. Its #8230; a rare exampleRead MoreEssay on Effects of Internet Pornography1016 Words   |  5 PagesEffects of Internet Pornography It used to be almost impossible for children to get pornography. Comer stores would place adult magazines such as playboy on the top rack behind all the other magazines so that only the title was visible and it was out of reach of children. Movie stores would have separate rooms at the front of the store for their porn videos; this way they could monitor who went into the room. In todays technologically advanced society, pornographic magazines and videos areRead More Got Internet Pornography? Essay1283 Words   |  6 PagesGot Internet Pornography? Pornography is viewed differently by everyone. Is pornography as bad as it is made out to be? What if it is that persons outlet from reality, just like smoking, drinking, snowboarding, skiing. Is it hurting anyone. Some say it is degrading to women. Do those women that do it think it is degrading. If they did they wouldn’t do it. There are several different types of pornography in the world. It started in art where we had sculptures of Aphrodite naked, we had many artistsRead More Internet Pornography and Teens Essay685 Words   |  3 PagesInternet Pornography and Teens      Ã‚   This essay discusses the social impact of exposing teens to internet pornography.    In a report, Generation Rx.com: How Young People Use the Internet for Health Information, the Kaiser Family Foundation says that seventy (70%) of teenagers (defined as ages 15-17) have accidentally come across pornography on the Web. Fifty-seven percent of the teens said being exposed to pornography would have serious impact on kids under 18, while 41% teensRead More Internet Pornography Addiction Essay4347 Words   |  18 Pages Pornography on the Internet is affordable, available, and abundant. One can easily find websites for viewing this type of material. Although the reports on the actual number of these sites vary, the availability and accessibility of the sites are rarely disputed. Some critics of this form of expression or form of obscenity believe that the pornography itself can cause pornography addictions. Internet pornography does not produce addicts, but rather the propensity to be a pornography addictRead MoreEssay on Censoring Internet Pornography2472 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction Pornography engages people on many levels. Some people enjoy pornography while others believe that the world would be best without it. Some would think that a song like Its Nice to be Nude is a cute song that is celebrating the joys of the human body. Others may think that it is obscene and not worth listening to. Pornography is highly subjective in respect to what it is, how it is defined, and its merits. The intent of this paper is to discuss pornography in a historicalRead MoreThe Effects Of Internet Pornography On College Students1122 Words   |  5 PagesInternet pornography is an easily accessible and highly affordable form of entertainment for anyone and especially the average college student. It is, arguably, a very simple and entertaining way to pass the time between exams, essays, and classes. However, pornography can pose a threat to college students because they do not realize the very powerful underlying danger that is present every time they click â€Å"Yes, I am over 18 years of age.† Much debate exists over whether or not Internet pornographyRead MoreLimiting Childrens Access to Internet Pornography1185 Words   |  5 PagesPornography is one of mankinds most revered, respected, and repulsed pastimes. Adults can use pornography to relieve stress, enhance their s ex lives, or simply as a means of entertainment. One of the easiest and most popular ways of obtaining pornographic material is over the Internet. The only downside is that the Internet is accessible to children; therefore, pornography is accessible to children. While adults should have limitless access to Internet porn, minors should be kept away from thisRead MoreCensorship of Internet Pornography is Unconstitutional Essay2385 Words   |  10 Pageswould say that is only existent in a utopia, and some would say that describes the Internet. Many adults go on to the net and access pornographic material that would be unsuitable for children. This is called cyberporn. The controversy lies in the fact that children are accessing these materials also. Government, activist groups, and concerned parents are fighting to regulate obscene material found over the Internet to protect children. The first amendment is the only thing protecting adults fromRead More Children and the Censorship o f Internet Pornography Essay4060 Words   |  17 Pages The Internet is a global network of vast information. With a few clicks, an individual can have access to up to 200 million web-sites filled with educational and recreational information. The Internet is not regulated in anyway (Carnegie Library 1). It is accessible throughout the entire world from the North to the South, to the early morning sunrise and dark sunsets. Different ethnicity and backgrounds come together linked upon this network resembling a connection of one body in unity. Sadly

Edgar Allan Poe s The Red Death And Cask Of Amontillado

American author and poet, Edgar Allan Poe, was born January 19th, 1809, and died at the age of 40 on October 7th, 1849. Poe had a horrendous childhood. As a child, he was abandoned by his father, David Poe Jr., and later, his foster father, John Allan. His mother, Eliza Poe, died of tuberculosis, along with his foster mother, Frances Allan and Virginia Clemm, Poe’s wife. After the death of his wife, Poe attempted suicide out of grief. The traumatic events of his life affected Poe’s writing style, creating the dark, evil and gloomy works Poe is famous for. These similarities can be seen in many of his writings, including, â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death†, â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† and â€Å"Cask of Amontillado†. In the majority of Poe’s writings, the settings are dark, dreary and bloodcurdling. In â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† the Usher House is described to have a lackluster atmosphere. It is stated in the text, à ¢â‚¬Å"I looked upon the scene before me –upon the mere house, and the simple landscape features of the domain –upon the bleak walls –upon the vacant eye-like windows –upon a few rank sedges –and upon a few white trunks of decayed trees –with an utter depression of soul which I can compare to no earthly sensation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The account of the mansion makes the reader envision the house to be old, bland and simply in meager condition. Similarly, in â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†, the plot unfolds in the catacombs of Paris. Poe describes the crypts as Montresor and Fortunato walkShow MoreRelatedThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1555 Words   |  7 PagesIn his writing, Edgar Allan Poe has multiple uses of direct and indirect characterization. In The Cask of Amontillado, Montresor had rules such as â€Å"I must not only punish but punish with impunity. A wrong is unredressed when retribution overtakes its redresser. It is equ ally unredressed when the avenger fails to make himself felt as such to him who has done the wrong† (Poe, 2). Poe used indirect characterization to show the reader that Montresor is an unreliable narrator because he justified hisRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s `` The Famous American Poet ``1086 Words   |  5 Pages Edgar Allan Poe, the famous American poet, short-story writer, and critic is best known for his bizarre but transformative horror stories, and for creating genres including detective fiction. The life of Edgar Allan Poe was filled with tragedies and was very depressing; because of this, he was inspired to write such dark stories. He wrote time and time again about his love and his loss. His work collectively illustrates the story of his life. Although he did create original storylines in his workRead More Juxtaposing the Most Similar Contradiction in Edgar Allan Poes Work2077 Words   |  9 PagesThroughout all of Edgar Allan Poes works are common ideas that oppose each such as madness versus sanity, reality versus the imagined reality and life versus death. Usually these sentiments are taken as contrasting ideas with little similarities to each other, like black and white. However, many of these motifs are situated in the grey category. Poe uses the communal thought pathway to hi ghlight its antithesis; the pathway of grey. With the new pathway, he emphasizes the similarities of the opposingRead MoreAn Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s Life1497 Words   |  6 Pageswith an Author Framework Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston, on January 19th, 1809 and was best known as a writer of dark poetry and short stories. Poe had an interesting and somewhat tragic upbringing , he was orphaned as a young child and then raised by an affluent couple called John and Frances Allan from Richmond, Virginia. Poe spent 5 years in England as a young child and studied different languages , however his universityRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s Father Of American Gothicism1178 Words   |  5 Pages2017 Poe s father of American Gothicism Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts on January 19, 1809. His parents were actors. After he was born, his father abandoned him and his mother died before he was three. This left Edgar Allan Poe a foster child. Poe s father was an alcoholic and an insovent actor. Thus, Poe had a miserable life, starting with his childhood, he lost his parents since he was a little child, and I would say that affected his mind; he became focused on death, becauseRead MoreLane Freeborn. Senior Seminar. 2 May 2017. The Horror Of1355 Words   |  6 PagesLane Freeborn Senior Seminar 2 May 2017 The Horror of Homoeroticism: Homoerotic Encounters in Edgar Allan Poe’s Writing Words have no power to impress the mind without the exquisite horror of their reality. – from â€Å"The Narrative of Arthur Gordyn Pym† One of Edgar Allan Poe’s greatest contributions to literature is the attention he brought to the short story. It can be argued that Poe was the inventor and also the perfector of this genre in American Literature, which has since rose to popularityRead More Edgar Allan Poes Writing Essay2378 Words   |  10 Pageslives to produce ideas for stories and incorporate them into his or her works. In the gothic times, dark, threatening, horrific, morbid, depressing, bizarre, bewildering, death and insane are just some words that best describe the popular type of literature at that time. One man’s name can summarize these words, Edgar Allan Poe. He is considered to be one of the greatest obscure American authors/poets whom many literary scholars still try to make heads or tails of. People throughout the history oftenRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s Stories And Poems1231 Words   |  5 Pages Edgar Allan Poe once said, â€Å"Words have no power to impress the mind without the exquisite horror of their reality.† A difficult childhood and the many deaths he experienced are reflected in Poe’s stories and poems. Edgar Allan Poe, a gothic horror author, led a controversial life which eventually led to his mysterious death. Edgar Allan Poe was born on January 19, 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts to David and Elizabeth Poe. Edgar had an older brother, named William, who was two years youngerRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe : The Father Of Gothic Literature1393 Words   |  6 PagesNovember 3, 2017 Edgar Allan Poe Studies say that Edgar Allan Poe was the father of gothic literature. As an American writer and critic, he went through the struggles of living in poverty, having a drinking and gambling problem, and being judge based on his decisions. He was best known as an author of gothic fiction. He had a life of misfortune and indigence. Edgar Allan Poe was born on January 19,1809 in Boston, Massachusetts to two striving actors, David Poe Jr. and Elizabeth Arnold Poe. Some studiesRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s All The Senses, And The Symbolic Expression Of Emotion1139 Words   |  5 PagesToday, Edgar Allan Poe is one of the most revered American authors as many consider him the inventor of the detective fiction genre and an influence on the development of the poetic movement of Symbolism, which favored â€Å"the derangement of all the senses† and the symbolic expression of emotion. However, Poe spent most of his life struggling as a full time writer. This is mostly attributed to the fact that he could not stay sober whenever he had a steady job. Poe’s battle with alcoholism led to the

Past - Present And Future Of Australian Bank’s Regulations - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Past, Present And Future Of Australian Banks Regulations. Answer: Introduction Banking is a major sector in the economy of Australia and it contributes significant portion in the countrys economic condition. The financial sector of Australia is extremely liquid strong and sophisticated and therefore it is ranked at the fourth position in the entire world for the size of its pool of assets i.e. the investments funds. The banking sector of Australia constitutes mainly four prime banks which are as follows: Commonwealth Bank of Australia Westpac Banking Corporation National Australia Bank Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Due to the financial stability maintained by the banking companies in Australia and the activities offinance such as lending and borrowing functions, the financial sector of Australia has been rated as the best financial centres in the world. Apart from the activities of financial intermediation, the banks in Australia are also involve in other functions such as stock broking activities, financial market trading, insurance activities etc. The banking regulation includes different areas such as the legislative framework under which the Banks and other financial institutions are working, the regulatory bodies that are controlling the banking sector, the supervisory bodies of financial sector, licensing policies of banking industries etc. History of Australian Banks Regulations The first bank that was started in Australia in 1817 was the bank of New South Wales. The increase in the values of the properties in Australia caused the crisis in Australian bank. In the past, the regulation in the banking sector was not much stringent and there was no tight control of government over the banks of Australia due to which many commercial banks were failed to operate. The country had to face huge depression in 1930 due which there a series of bank failures. But after the depressions end, the banking regulation in Australia was made strict which made it nearly impossible to set up any branch in Australia for the foreign owned banks. Resultantly, the banks in Australia were quite less in comparison to the other countries. With the tight regulation, the Australian banks were bifurcated in two main categories i.e. the Savings Banks and the Trading Bank (Joshi, Cahill Sidhu, 2010). Since the regulatory framework for the banking industry was getting extremely strict, anoth er type ofnon-banking finance organisations in financial system were started getting developed like the credit union and the building societies. As these institutions were not recognised as banks they were free from the strict regulatory policies of banking system it privileged them give and take loans at higher rates of interest but at the same time they were allowed to provide only the limited services. However, the regulatory policies of banking sector in Australia were being removed at a slow pace in 1960 and as a result of which the classification of banks as trading and savings banks was nullified and every Australian bank was given the liberty to work as merchant banks to perform their functioning in the money market (Griffith-Jones Rodriguez, 2016). Moreover, the banks were given the independence to set the rates of interests on their own. As deregulation of banking industry was being carried out, the controls in the foreign exchange areas well also completely abandoned lea ding to the easy float of Australian currency i.e. the Australian dollar in 1983 (Singleton Verhoef, 2010). The changes in the regulatory policies allowed those non- bankingfinance institutions to turn into banks without any requirement of demutualisation. After this, in 1990 the Australian government started with a policy known as four pillars policy in context with the Australian Banking System, through which it restricted the mergers of the four major banks. This act of government was well established policy and not merely a formal regulation. Present Structure of Banks Regulations The regulatory framework for the banking system in Australia that is in existence recently is comprehensive and extensive primarily divide into two parts as shown and discussed below: However, the Australian banks are generally self-regulated. The Reserve Bank of Australia is also an important constitute of Australian banking regulatory framework. APRA is a statutory body formed for the regulation offinance industry in Australia. It was established in July, 1998. It was formed to regulate institutions like banks, insurance companies, building-societies, credit unions etc. so as to ensure they are financially stable to fulfil their obligations towards their depositors, policy holders. APRA is responsible for the supervision and providing the licenses to operate to various superannuation funds and the insurance companies (Dollery, Kortt Grant , 2013). The institutions of finance to whom APRA is regulating, are required to provide the report of their operations to APRA on a regular basis. APRA has announced certain guidelines on capital adequacy ratio to be maintained by banks, which are in line with the BASEL II guidelines. ASIC is an independent body with the key responsibility of regulation of certain financial companies and banks. Along with that it also has the responsibility of ensuring the protection of the consumers right, imparting financial literacy, overseeing the corporate governance practices, managing the financial services etc. As the regulators of Australian banks ASIC assesses the efficiency with which the banks are complying the regulatory requirements applicable on the Australian banks. Reserve Bank of Australia: The reserve bank is given the responsibility to formulate the banking policies and to issue of norms of operations of Australian banks. It is the central bank of Australia and the powers are assigned to it through the Reserve Bank Act. RBA also provides various services relating to banking to the government of Australia and to the other financial institutions and banks operating in Australia. The RBA seeks to encourage the maintenance of stability in the financial system of banking institutions and it also ensures the safety in the system of payments deployed by the banks. The currency notes of Australian country are also issue by the Reserve Bank of Australia. There is a drastic increase in the number of inquiries and investigations of the Australian banking institutions over last few years as the regulations towards the banking sector is getting stringent gradually. The bank regulators of the banks are requiring the banking institutions to be more compliant towards the rules framed therein. The violations of which includes heavy fines and penalty provisions. The regulations are quite tight in certain areas such as the money laundering activities, breach of banks code of conduct, activities of insider trading and other crimes in the financial areas are involving heavy litigations to prevent such an unethical conduct in banking sectors as public invests their huge funds in these financial institutions therefore a greater level of transparency is required to be maintained by the banks. Moreover, the current reforms that have introduced in the banking sector all over the globe have the objectives of enhancing the quality and quantity of capitals of banks and to instigate its consistency in the liquidity position of banks. These reforms are also targeted to achieve the greater level of transparency in banking sectors through the proper and necessary disclosures thereby strengthening the banks performance (Uddin Suzuki, 2011). In the past the original Basel Original accord 1988 was implemented and then in 2008 the new Basel Capital Framework was introduced. As with the new reform as Basel III, the compliance requirements have also increased (Eubanks, 2010). The committee which is handed over the function of implementation of Basel III is required to ensure the consistent delivery of outcomes in the banking sector. The proposal of APRA for the implementation of the Capital Reform Basel III was passed in the month of September 2011. And the banking institutions in Australia have to comply with the reform requirements at the soonest. At the same time APRA has refused to accept any alternative accounting treatment for particular items in the calculation of regulatory capital (Angelini, et al., 2015). The requirements of Basel III were applicable globally on the financial institutions, as a whole. However there is an element which is exclusively applicable to certain countries since Australia is one among those countries as it has very intense system of banking. The name of that element is D-SIB which the framework for dealing Domestic Systematically Important Banks. Future of Banking Regulations in Australia The banking in future will not be the same banking in current period as there are extensive forces which are influencing the Australian banking sector behaviour of customers, changes in democracy, technological advancements, governmental regulations and the depression in the global economy. To create the financial gains for the shareholders, the Australian banks needs to be remove the complexities of banking sectors and to be more compliant towards the regulations made by the government for the financial industries. According to Bill Clinton, the time of moderate or negligible regulations is now passed and the regulators of Australian banks have restarted to impose stringent regulatory requirements to the banking sectors. To improve the operations and the financial performance the banks in Australia will have to be re-focussed on their approach towards the compliances of regulatory requirements made by the Australian regulators of banking industry (Bologna, 2010). Not only the maintenance of transparency in banking functions is required out for better compliance of regulations but also the serious commitment of firm towards the goodwill maintenance in the market through excellent credit ratings. The eminent credit rating of a bank itself is the valuable asset for the banks as it will have positive influence on the regulators thereby helping the banks to avoid the unpleasant interventions of the regulators. Since the quality of any banks compliance practices towards the regulations is shared publically through the annual reports and the governmental mediums therefore the banks must not consider these regulations as the management of external risk on business rather these requirements should be assumed as the management of a most vital asset of the banks which is needed to be fostered. The privileges of having good or excellent credit ratings are enormous for any financial institution. The banks must accept that the major regulatory bodies such as APRA, ASIC and RBA are in the exclusive position to deal with the antitrust concerns that may prevent the banking company to incorporate the changes which are in public interest. The Australian regulations will still continue to remain focused on the corporate governance requirements for the banking and the other financial sectors. But the introduction of new capital requirements through the implementation of Basel III capital reforms will strengthen the banking industry and at the same time will provide the industry with the key challenges. In spite of the numerous global uncertainties such as delayed implementation of new capital reforms, APRA and ASIC are closely checking and monitoring the developments that are going on in the banking industry in todays era. The Australian regulators have to cope with the international standards otherwise it would lead to inefficiencies in the banking sector with increased level of risks. Even after the stricter regulations the banking sectors are encountering the issues of failures in the compliance requirements, violations of code of conduct with in the regulatory framework are being reported which requires holistic att ention of the regulatory bodies for Australian Banks (Jeucken, 2010). The banks top level management such as the Board of Directors etc. are required to define the corporate culture within their banking organisations so as to have a strong compliance framework. Therefore the Australian regulations needs to be more attentive towards these corporate values and must make the required rules in such areas. The regulations must also be extended towards the business strategies formulated and implemented by the Australian banks and the financial institutions and they should also provide for the interest of banks interests i.e. the banks must be regulated to not perform anything prejudicial in the public or the customers interests. The new standard on financial institutions are soon to be introduced in near future i.e. 2018 and they will put higher regulatory requirements to be complied with in accordance with the IFRS 9. Moreover, the new payment platform is also developed collectively by many financial institutions so that it will lead to detection of fraud done by the banking institutions, money laundering practices and will manage the liquidity and credit limits of the banks. From 2017 the Australian regulators together with the other international regulatory bodies will necessitate the collaboration with new participants to deal with requirements of daily margin maintenance. Recommendations for future regulation in Australian Banks Supervision over regulations The financial stability cannot be attained only through tight regulations as it also requires good amount of supervision at a higher level for the same. Regulations cannot be assumed as the alternative solution of supervision. As supervision has its own importance it must be considered and the drawback of extremely tight regulations on the banking industry must be analysed by the regulators. As APRAs has already been serving the Australian banking industry with the focus on supervision approach it must be retained further by the regulators with the implementation of new rules that are agreed upon (Brmer Gischer, 2012). Regulations and financial innovation The innovation that is being carried out in the banking or the financial system over several years has made it easy for the public to raise funds from banks at flexible loan terms and at lower interest rates. Innovation has helped the financial systems to maintain the risk involved in their banking business more efficiently and effectively. However, with such practices of innovation in their functions and services, it is difficult to frame the regulations for the new services as it is not very clear in the initial stage as to what the bank products actually are. So the Australian regulators must consider as to how to deal with the financial innovations coming up in the banking sector of Australia. However, the supervisor of banking industry must track the areas of financial innovations to supervise the banking companies to manage the risks in new areas of service. Conclusions It is well demonstrated from the above research that the Australian banks have performed much better than the banks in the other countries over a period of time. The main reason for the same is the APRAs strict regulations and supervision for the banking sector in Australia and also because of the sound economic position of Australian markets. The performance also indicates Australian banks higher standards of operations than that of other countries. International regulatory bodies along with the major regulators of Australian financial markets viz. APRA, ASIC and RBA have provided consistent and comprehensive regulatory frameworks to the financial institutions to adhere on and the Australian banks have responded to the regulatory requirements in an adequate manner. The regulations imposed by the governmental authorities have both positive as well as the negative impacts as these are good enough for the safety and transparency point of view, at the same time the banks tends to lose t heir key focus on the operations when they are much concerned about the compliance requirements. References: Angelini, P., Clerc, L., Crdia, V., Gambacorta, L., Gerali, A., Locarno, A., Motto, R., Roeger, W., Van den Heuvel, S. and Vl?ek, J., 2015. Basel III: Long?term Impact on Economic Performance and Fluctuations.The Manchester School,83(2), pp.217-251. Bologna, P., 2010. Australian banking system resilience: What should be expected looking forward? An international perspective. Brmer, P. and Gischer, H., 2012.Domestic systemically important banks: An indicator-based measurement approach for the australian banking system. Univ., Faculty of Economics and Management. Dollery, B.E., Kortt, M.A. and Grant, B.J., 2013. Funding the future: Financial sustainability and infrastructure finance in Australian local government. Eubanks, W.W., 2010.Status of the Basel III Capital Adequacy Accord. DIANE Publishing. Griffith-Jones, S. and Rodriguez, E. eds., 2016.Cross-conditionality banking regulation and Third-World debt. Springer. Jeucken, M., 2010.Sustainable finance and banking: the financial sector and the future of the planet. Routledge. Joshi, M., Cahill, D. and Sidhu, J., 2010. Intellectual capital performance in the banking sector: An assessment of Australian owned banks.Journal of Human Resource Costing Accounting,14(2), pp.151-170. Singleton, J. and Verhoef, G., 2010. Regulation, deregulation, and internationalisation in South African and New Zealand banking.Business history,52(4), pp.536-563. Uddin, S.S. and Suzuki, Y., 2011. Financial reform, ownership and performance in banking industry: The case of Bangladesh.International Journal of Business and Management,6(7), p.28.

Lyndon Bains Johnson Was Born On August 27, 1908 In A Small Town Near

Lyndon Bains Johnson was born on August 27, 1908 in a small town near Johnson City, Texas. He went to school at Southwest Texas State Teachers Collage where he learned compassion for the poverty of others when he taught students of Mexican descent (Kearns 2). He graduated in 1930. Four years later he married a woman named Claudia Taylor and together they had two children, Lynda and Lucie. Johnson became President at the age of 55 when President John F. Kennedy was shot and killed. When he took oath, he had twenty six years of political experience and he was ready to take on the job of the President of the United States of America. It was at this time that he introduced to the American people the concept of a Great Society (Evans 4). The Great Society was a government sponsored set of programs that had and still has a distinct effect on our lives today. In the spring of 1964, he had begun to use the phrase "great society" as a way to describe his goals. In 40 years, he wanted to rebuild the entire urban United States. He wanted to prevent an ugly America which was full of polluted air, water and food, disappearing fields and forests, and crowded recreational areas (Wicker 1). President Johnson wanted to start a society that would soon become a Great Society. He had a vision of a society that was problem free and he spent most of his life dedicating himself to this goal. His agenda was to aid education, attack on disease, start a medical care program fight poverty, control and prevent crime, and the push for people's right to vote (Fitch 1). He wanted America to be a society that was better than any other (Cayton 778). One of the many problems that Johnson wanted to fix was poverty. Kennedy had begun to start a poverty program, but since he was unable to continue it, Johnson had to finish it. The Economic Opportunity Act was passed in the summer of 1964. This act created Volunteers in Service to America (VISTA), which sent volunteers to help people in poor communities. It also set up something called Community Action Program. This was to give the poor a voice in determining housing, health, and education policies in their own neighborhoods (Cayton 778). Even though the war on poverty was one of his biggest challenges, the Civil Rights Act was also one of his biggest issues. The Great Society had its greatest successes in its first years. There were two Acts that helped the Great Society. One of them was the Voting Rights of 1965. This ensured the right to vote for all (Cayton 779). Congress passed the Voting Rights Act to assure minority registration and voting. The other was the Civil Rights Act of 1964. It outlawed racial discrimination in public accommodations. Despite the beginning of new antipoverty and anti-discrimination programs, distress and disturbance in black ghettos troubled the Nation. President Johnson steadily put forth his influence against segregation and on behalf of law and order, but there was no early solution (Evans 24). Another act called the Immigration Act eliminated the amount that had discriminated against all immigrants from areas outside northern and western Europe. Another area Johnson wanted to address was Medicare. Before Johnson, Harry Truman came up with a plan that was a medical assistance plan, but it had never been passed into a law. In 1965, Johnson orchestrated the passage of the Medicare amendment to the Social Security Act. Medicare provided hospital coverage to persons over the age 65 and allowed them to participate in a program that shared the cost of other medical expenses. Medicare coverage for the people with disabilities was implemented in 1973. Johnson did not want older Americans to be denied the use of medicine. He also did not want them to have to spend all the money they had in the bank to pay for their medical bills if they became ill (Cayton 780). There was another program called Medicaid. It was like Medicare, except that it was for people of all ages who could not afford their own private health insurance. This demonstrated the government's commitment